Converting crt to PEM
Took two steps:
openssl x509 -in input.crt -out input.der -outform DER
openssl x509 -in input.der -inform DER -out output.pem -outform PEM
I’ve been to Hostopia today. The land of hosting servers. I’ve had an emergency job on one Linux server, due to a mistake I’ve made. It appears that the performance hindrance of using raid0 instead of raid1 (Centos/RH default raid setup is raid0 and not raid1, which led me to this mistake) for the root…
I’ve been to our own little “August Penguin” just few days ago, and it wasn’t too good. I avoided the lectures (who needs secure rsync?!?), but sat and talked with friends about all kinda stuff. One of the advantages of such an event is that you get to meet lots of your linux-related friends, and…
Assume a server has two network interfaces as follows: eth0 : 192.168.0.1/24 eth1 : 192.168.10.1/24 Let’s assume these interfaces reside on the different VLANs. Lets assume they were connected incorrectly, in such a way that eth0 is connected to VLAN 10, which servers 192.168.10.0/24 and eth1 is connected to VLAN 2, which serves 192.168.0.0/24. You…
Linux boot sequence includes many stages. Following the BIOS initialisation, the boot loader is being called (GRUB or GRUB-EFI), then GRUB does its magic, and then it loads the kernel and the init RAM FS (initramfs or initrd) to memory. Following that, the kernel is jumped to, and a set of scripts are called from…
YUM is a nice (and useful, when used correctly) tool to manage packages, using RPM as its engine. APT, the Debian alternative, has this ability, and so does YUM. YUM does not pin a specific version of a package, but rather avoids upgrading it as soon as it was marked. It remains installed, but never…
This is not a simple task. Adding or compiling modules is a tricky feat when it comes to 2.4 kernels. It requires you compile the entire kernel yourself before. I have used a diskless machine, with an NFS mount as the place where I have kept all persistent data. Mounted it at /tmp/mnt directory. Preparations…